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Mastodon CEO steps down as the social network restructures

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Mastodon’s creator, Eugen Rochko, is stepping down as CEO of the open source, decentralized social network and X rival, as part of the organization’s transition to a non-profit structure, announced at the beginning of the year. The change is Mastodon’s most significant leadership overhaul to date, and one designed to ensure Mastodon’s longevity.

As part of the organization’s restructuring, Mastodon will be governed by a board of directors, which today includes Twitter co-founder Biz Stone, Karien Bezuidenhout, Esra’a Al Shafei, Mastodon Community Director Hannah Aubry (who will be stepping down), and Felix Hlatky, who will be taking the role of Executive Director.

With the revamp, Mastodon has the potential to expand its business, product, and mission, without being dependent on a single person’s leadership. It will also give Rochko a break, as he’s been singularly focused on Mastodon for the past ten years.

Going forward, Rochko will continue contributing to Mastodon as an advisor. Rochko has also been compensated with a one-time payment of €1 million, given that he took less than a fair market salary over the years while building Mastodon.

Other members of the new leadership team include Renaud Chaput as Technical Director, Andy Piper as Head of Communications, and Philip Schröpel as Strategy & Product Advisor. In total, Mastodon has 10 full-time employees.

CEO says burnout was a factor in his decision

portrait of Eugen Rochko, founder of Mastodon
Image Credits: Bryce Durbin / TechCrunchImage Credits:Bryce Durbin / TechCrunch

Rochko said he knew it was time to step aside as Mastodon had grown to be bigger than he could manage alone, and because he was also facing burnout.

“[Mastodon has] become kind of synonymous with my identity. I can’t look somewhere and see something about social media without thinking about how it affects my work,” Rochko explained in an interview with TechCrunch. “I want it to succeed. And it’s led to a lot of stress, and obviously, it ultimately led to burnout,” he continued.

“I think that taking a step back, realizing this isn’t just mine anymore — now other people are involved, other people are responsible for this — is going to allow me to restore some balance in my life.”

He also suggested others should do the same if they are able.

“I definitely think that investing all of your time in work is not healthy, because afterwards, you’re going to be left with nothing,” Rochko added.

That message stands in contradiction to the new work-till-you-drop ethos that has infused Silicon Valley in the AI era, where founders are embracing hustle culture and even China’s intense “996” work schedule (working 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week).

What’s next: the non-profit transition

mastodon riding in an office chair
Image Credits:Mastodon

As a non-profit, Mastodon will be able to unlock new funding opportunities, particularly in Europe, noted the new Executive Director, Hlatky.

The organization has already transitioned to a non-profit in the U.S. but is still working to set up a nonprofit in Belgium, or an AISBL, to replace the German entity, which lost its non-profit status last year. Once established, the Belgian nonprofit will be the future home of the organization. In the meantime, the U.S.-based 501(c)(3) c nonprofit will own the trademark and other assets.

To aid in the transition, Mastodon raised funds from Stack Exchange founder Jeff Atwood and the Atwood family (who gave EUR 2.2 million); Biz Stone; alternative app marketplace AltStore (EUR 260K), the Global Chinese Community of Universal Digital Commons (EUR 65K); and Craigslist founder Craig Newmark.

Hlatky, who has a business and finance background in tech, had been consulting pro bono for Mastodon ahead of this transition, having helped the organization establish its German nonprofit.

He says that through his work, he had become disenchanted with the typical startup system involving venture capital.

“It works for the outliers, but for all the others, it doesn’t work,” Hlatky said. “I just got bored with the system, and I didn’t really see any meaning in contributing to the system anymore.”

In his new position, Hlatky will engage in more conversations with industry stakeholders and the media, and sees the opportunity to have politicians, political parties, and journalists engage more on the platform.

He will also help oversee projects to make Mastodon more financially sustainable, including its new hosting and moderation business. Other members of the leadership team will also focus on trust and safety issues, technical infrastructure, and product.

One thing that Mastodon won’t be focusing on is any sort of native interoperability between its platform, powered by the ActivityPub protocol and other decentralized social networks like Bluesky — which runs on the AT Protocol — or those running on nostr, a protocol favored by Twitter co-founder and former CEO Jack Dorsey. Instead, Mastodon will leave interoperability to the makers of third-party projects like Bridgy Fed and Bounce. (These different protocols are essentially competing technical standards for how decentralized social networks communicate.)

purple text bubbles floating on black background. one has an M on it
Image Credits:Mozilla (opens in a new window)

By restructuring Mastodon, Rochko believes the organization will maintain its position as “billionaire-proof” social media. That mission statement has also been adopted by Bluesky, a network that has grown larger than Mastodon with 40 million registered users, compared with Mastodon’s 10 million. On both networks, a smaller number of those users are active on a monthly basis.

On Mastodon, monthly active users have since dropped to under 1 million, after the 2022 spike that came following Elon Musk’s acquisition of Twitter. Before the deal closed, Mastodon had only around 200,000 monthly active users, Rochko noted; after, it jumped to 2 million.

That, he believes, indicates demand for a platform not controlled by a billionaire.

“Threads, Instagram, and Facebook belong to a billionaire. X belongs to a billionaire…All of these platforms belong to extremely rich people, and they’re increasingly using these platforms to steer public perception, public conversation, and politics,” he noted. “And Mastodon is one of the very few — if not the only — of these organizations and social media platforms — and the fediverse as a whole, I suppose — that is not subject to something like that,” Rochko said.

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Waymo starts autonomous testing in Philadelphia

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Waymo is adding another four cities to its growing list of robotaxi rollouts. The company announced Wednesday it has begun testing its autonomous vehicles (with a safety monitor) in Philadelphia, and that it will start manual driving to collect data in Baltimore, St. Louis, and Pittsburgh.

Waymo did not offer a timeline for when it plans to launch commercial services in those locations, nor do we know whether the Alphabet-owned company will partner with other companies to operate robotaxis in each one. That has been the move in cities like Atlanta and Austin, for example, where Waymo has partnered with Uber to advance its robotaxi rollout.

But the new locations join a list of over 20 cities where the company is either offering rides, prepping a commercial launch, or testing. Waymo is also now offering rides on freeways in Los Angeles, Phoenix, and the San Francisco Bay Area. The company plans to be doing one million rides per week by the end of 2026.

Waymo has done all this while claiming to be operating at a level five times safer than humans, according to data the company recently released.

But the expansion has not come without its issues. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is investigating how the company’s vehicles operate near school buses, after a Waymo was filmed driving around a stopped bus in Atlanta in September.

This week, Austin news outlet KXAN published a report showing Waymo’s vehicles have driven past school buses that were in the process of unloading or loading children multiple times — including after Waymo claims to have shipped software updates to address the problem.

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Spotify Wrapped 2025 adds its first multiplayer feature with ‘Wrapped Party’

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Spotify Wrapped is back. After last year’s widely criticized flop that included an AI podcast as its highlight, the streamer’s highly anticipated annual review feature has returned to its roots. This year, Spotify is doubling down on what it knows works best: deep dives into your streaming data, creative experiences, messages from favorite artists, and other social features.

The company claims that Wrapped 2025 is its biggest, as it’s introducing nearly a dozen new features in addition to its old standbys, like top songs and artists. Plus, it’s offering more visibility into users’ data than in years past. For the first time, Spotify Wrapped is adding a live multiplayer feature to compare your listening data with friends.

Wrapped Party, Wrapped’s first live interactive experience, allows you to invite up to nine friends to compare listening stats.

Image Credits:Spotify

Also new this year, your Top Songs Playlist will include the play counts for each of the top songs, so you can actually see how much time you spent with your favorite tracks.

Other standout features this year include an interactive Top Song Quiz, a Listening Age feature, and Wrapped Clubs, which match you to one of six unique listening styles.

The company believes these additions will not only bring back the personalized, engaging experience that users have long expected from Wrapped, but will take it a step further by making it more interactive than before.

In the Top Song Quiz, for instance, you can try to guess which top song soundtracked your year before seeing the results.

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Image Credits:Spotify

The new interactive Wrapped Party feature isn’t just about comparing the personal streaming data you’ve already received to your friends’ data, as that’s something people already do on social media. Instead, the feature presents unique data stories for your group, like who’s the “most obsessed fan,” the “early bird,” the most “picky listener,” or even something as nice as the “dinner table explainer,” meaning the person who listens to the most news podcasts.

Image Credits:Spotify

Spotify says these awards update dynamically every time you join a Wrapped Party, so no two sessions are ever the same — even if you run through them again with the same group of friends.

The new Wrapped Clubs, meanwhile, will group you into one of half a dozen listening styles, like the “Soft Hearts Club,” the “Club Serotonin,” the “Full Charge Crew,” the “Cosmic Stereo Club,” and others. You’ll also receive a role in the club based on your listening data. You might be a club leader if your listening choices strongly matches the club’s values, a scout if you’re always seeking out new releases, or an archivist if you listen to music from past eras.

Image Credits:Spotify

Another feature, Listening Age, compares your 2025 music listening to others in your age group. To calculate your age, the feature considers the release years of the tracks you listen to most. From there, it identifies the five-year span of music that you engaged with more than other listeners your age.

Image Credits:Spotify

As in prior years, you’ll see your top songs, top artists, top genres, and, for the first time, top albums. If you engaged with audiobooks and podcasts, you’ll see metrics for those as well. Artists, writers, and podcasters will have their own version of Wrapped as before. And top fans will again receive video messages from their favorite artists, podcasters, and, now, authors.

You’ll also receive a playlist of your top songs of the year, as before.

Image Credits:Spotify

What you won’t find in this year’s Wrapped is any feature that advertises it was made with AI.

In a press briefing on Tuesday, Spotify’s Senior Director of Global Marketing, Matt Luhks, admitted the company received a “lot of feedback” about its 2024 AI-focused Wrapped experience, saying it was a “mix of positive and ‘more constructive feedback,’” despite the feature driving more engagement than prior years.

“We take all of that in. We use that as information, insights, [and] inspiration for how we approached Wrapped this year,” he said in a press event ahead of today’s launch.

“What our users tell us about Wrapped means a lot to us, so it was really informative in how we approached Wrapped this year. And what we tried to build was the most creative, most innovative, most engaging Wrapped ever,” he added, setting a high bar for the 2025 edition of the now 11-year-old annual year-in-review feature.

“We’re the original and, we believe, still the best,” Luhks said.

Image Credits:Spotify

Still, AI was a part of the Wrapped experience. Though the company claims the overall experience was not made with AI, it does leverage a LLM (large language model) to add a storytelling layer to Wrapped’s facts and figures, and natural language summaries in other parts of its experience, looking back on your data.

Spotify’s attempt to fix Wrapped after a notable stumble comes as the streamer faces increased competition from Apple, Amazon, YouTube, and others, which have all launched their own annual review features, inspired by Wrapped.

“Everyone seems to have their own version of Wrapped. Now, there’s a lot of reviews and replays and rewinds out there, but we believe that Wrapped still sets the bar for these year-end recaps,” Luhks said.

Along with the consumer experience, Spotify shared its top artists, songs, albums, podcasts, and audiobooks for the year, with top winners that included, respectively, Bad Bunny (top song and album), Joe Rogan (“The Joe Rogan Experience” podcast), and Rebeca Yarros (author of “Fourth Wing”).

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Nothing looks to its community to raise $5M, wants to be ‘IPO-ready’ in 3 years

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Hardware maker Nothing is letting its user base buy its stock as part of a new community investment round of $5 million. The new round, which opens on December 10, will enable consumers to buy the company’s shares at its Series C valuation of $1.3 billion.

The company said it has so far raised $8 million in total from over 8,000 people across two previous community investment rounds. It held its first community funding event in 2021, aiming to raise $1.5 million.

“This isn’t about raising capital, it’s about giving our community/fans a chance to invest while we’re private and join us on the journey,” a spokesperson for Nothing told TechCrunch.

Community investors have a rotating seat on the company’s board, but it is unclear what else they get for investing in the company through such rounds.

Nothing raised $200 million in its Series C back in September from investors including Tiger Global, GV, Highland Europe, EQT, Latitude, I2BF and Tapestry. The company has raised $450 million to date.

The community round comes as Nothing makes changes to its corporate structure as it tries to increase its share of a smartphone market dominated by giants like Samsung and Apple. The company is spinning off its budget CMF brand, and plans to explore AI-centric devices while it keeps building smartphones and audio products. And Nothing claims it crossed $1 billion in cumulative revenue this year, up 150% from 2024.

The startup is working to be “IPO-ready” in three years, CEO Carl Pei told TechCrunch in an email. “The timing will depend on market conditions and what makes sense for the business at that point in time,” he said.

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“What’s important is that we’re already operating with that discipline now. We’re building the systems, the governance, the financial discipline that a public company needs. It forces us to think longer-term and make smarter decisions that prioritise sustainable growth,” Pei added.

It’s not clear if Nothing aims to raise another round before an IPO. When asked about its fundraising plans, a Nothing spokesperson said the company is not thinking about raising capital immediately, but it wouldn’t be averse to those conversations.

Those interested in investing in the community round can use platforms like Wefunder and Crowdcube to participate.

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